As a ham radio operator, I have managed to send a 5W signal over 400km away at 145.7 MHz.
It is all about antenna and propagation.
Tropo ducting occurs frequently where large masses of hot air right over sea, "trap" the signal between the sea and the colder masses above, forcing VHF and UHF signals to follow earth's curvature instead of heading straight out to space.
But it requires a solid path of warm air to have a large distance covered.
check this out for weather-based estimation of tropo paths all over the world.
(select your region at the top left menu)
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